Der Zusammenbruch der DDR und der Mauerfall kamen völlig überraschend, Kohl nutzte die Gunst der Stunde und leitete die deutsche Wiedervereinigung ein. Das ist die offizielle Lesart - bis heute. Dieses Buch macht mit dieser Kohl-Legende Schluss: Die Hauptakteure der Wende wurden keineswegs von den Geschehnissen 1989 überrascht. Vielmehr war sie das Resultat langjähriger konspirativer Verhandlungen und geheimdienstlich gesteuerter Aktionen zwischen West und Ost. Bereits Anfang der 80er-Jahre finden Geheimgespräche über eine größere Öffnung der Mauer statt. 1983 vermittelt Franz-Josef Strauß der wirtschaftlich angeschlagenen DDR einen Milliardenkredit und unterminiert damit diese Sondierungen. Doch das bringt nicht dauerhaft Hilfe: 1986 errechnet das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit in einer Studie den wirtschaftlichen Zusammenbruch der DDR in spätestens vier Jahren. 1987 signalisiert Gorbatschow Kohl eine Lösung der deutschen Frage. 1988 wird Kohl der erste Vorschlag gemacht. Doch de...
At the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti-imperialist activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo-American proposal to hold and administer those allied conquests under mandate from the new League of Nations. In the end, fourteen mandated territories were set up across the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific. Against all odds, these disparate and far-flung territories became the site and the vehicle of global transformation. In this masterful history of the mandates system, Susan Pedersen illuminates the role the League of Nations played in creating the modern world. Tracing the system from its creation in 1920 until its demise in 1939, Pedersen examines its workings from the realm of international diplomacy; the viewpoints of the League's experts and officials; and the arena of local struggles within the territories themselves. Featuring a cast of larger-than-life figures, including Lord Lugard, King Faisal, Chaim Weizmann and Ralph Bunche, the narrative sweeps across the globe-from windswept scrublands along the Orange River to famine-blighted hilltops in Rwanda to Damascus under French bombardment-but always returns to Switzerland and the sometimes vicious battles over ideas of civilization, independence, economic relations, and sovereignty in the Geneva headquarters. As Pedersen shows, although the architects and officials of the mandates system always sought to uphold imperial authority, colonial nationalists, German revisionists, African-American intellectuals and others were able to use the platform Geneva offered to challenge their claims. Amid this cacophony, imperial statesmen began exploring new means - client states, economic concessions - of securing Western hegemony. In the end, the mandate system helped to create the world in which we now live. A riveting work of global history, The Guardians enables us to look back at the League with new eyes, and in doing so, appreciate how complex, multivalent, and consequential this first great experiment in internationalism really was.
Product details
- Paperback | 592 pages
- 137 x 206 x 33mm | 680g
- 01 Dec 2017
- Oxford University Press
- Oxford, United Kingdom
- English
- Reprint
- Illustrations, unspecified
- 0190619120
- 9780190619121
- 604,946
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